Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri, mawonekedwe ophatikizika, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kusintha kosavuta kwa pampu ya plunger, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina omwe amafunikira kuthamanga kwambiri, kutuluka kwakukulu, ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso nthawi zina zomwe zimafunikira kusinthidwa, monga ma planers. , makina a broaching, makina osindikizira a hydraulic, makina omanga, migodi, ndi zina zotero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina azitsulo ndi zombo.
1. Mapangidwe a pampu ya plunger
Pampu ya plunger imapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo awiri, mapeto a mphamvu ndi mapeto a hydraulic, ndipo amamangiriridwa ndi pulley, valve check valve, valve chitetezo, stabilizer ya voltage, ndi lubrication system.
(1) Kutha mphamvu
(1) chikwanje
Crankshaft ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pampopi iyi. Kutengera mtundu wofunikira wa crankshaft, imaliza gawo lofunikira losintha kuchoka pakuyenda kozungulira kupita kumayendedwe obwereza. Kuti izi zitheke, pini iliyonse ya crank ndi 120 ° kuchokera pakati.
(2) ndodo yolumikizira
Ndodo yolumikizira imatumiza kukankhira kwa plunger kupita ku crankshaft, ndikusintha kusuntha kwa crankshaft kupita kumayendedwe obwereza a plunger. Tileyi imatenga mtundu wa manja ndipo imayimilira nawo.
(3) Kupatuka
Chopingasacho chimagwirizanitsa ndodo yolumikizira yolumikizira ndi plunger yobwereza. Ili ndi ntchito yowongolera, ndipo imatsekedwa yolumikizidwa ndi ndodo yolumikizira ndikulumikizidwa ndi pulani ya plunger.
(4) Manja oyandama
Manja oyandama amakhazikika pamakina. Kumbali imodzi, imagwira ntchito yopatula thanki yamafuta ndi dziwe lamafuta lonyansa. Kumbali inayi, imakhala ngati malo oyandama othandizira ndodo yowongolera, yomwe imatha kupititsa patsogolo moyo wautumiki wa magawo osindikiza.
(5) Bazi
Makina oyambira ndi gawo lonyamula mphamvu pakuyika malekezero amagetsi ndikulumikiza kumapeto kwamadzi. Pali mabowo kumbali zonse ziwiri za kumbuyo kwa makina opangira makina, ndipo dzenje lachitsulo loyimilira lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapeto amadzimadzi limaperekedwa kutsogolo kuti zitsimikizire kugwirizanitsa pakati pa slideway ndi pakati pa mutu wa mpope. Mosalowerera ndale, pali bowo lakukhetsa kutsogolo kwa tsinde kuti mukhetse madzi akutuluka.
(2) Kutha kwamadzi
(1) pompa mutu
Mutu wa mpope umapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mavavu akuyamwitsa ndi kutulutsa amakonzedwa molunjika, dzenje loyamwa lili pansi pa mutu wa mpope, ndipo dzenje lotulutsa lili pambali pa mutu wa mpope, kulumikizana ndi valavu ya valve, zomwe zimathandizira kutulutsa mapaipi mosavuta.
(2) Kalata yosindikizidwa
Bokosi losindikizira ndi mutu wa mpope zimalumikizidwa ndi flange, ndipo mawonekedwe osindikizira a plunger ndi paketi yofewa yamakona anayi a carbon fiber weaving, yomwe imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yosindikiza.
(3) plunger
(4) Valavu yolowera ndi kukhetsa
Ma valve olowetsa ndi kutulutsa ndi mipando ya ma valve, kunyowa pang'ono, mawonekedwe a ma valve a conical oyenera kunyamula zakumwa ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepetsera kukhuthala. Malo olumikizirana amakhala ndi kuuma kwambiri komanso kusindikiza kuti atsimikizire moyo wokwanira wautumiki wa ma valve olowera ndi kutuluka.
(3)Zida zothandizira
Pali makamaka ma cheke ma valve, zowongolera ma voltage, makina opaka mafuta, ma valve otetezera, ma geji othamanga, ndi zina zambiri.
(1) Chongani valavu
Madzi otulutsidwa kuchokera pamutu wa pampu amalowa mupaipi yothamanga kwambiri kudzera pa valve yowunikira yotsika kwambiri. Madziwo akamayenda mosiyana, valavu yowunikira imatsekedwa kuti isungunuke madzi othamanga kwambiri kuti asabwererenso mu thupi la mpope.
(2) Wowongolera
Madzi othamanga kwambiri omwe amatuluka pamutu wa mpope amakhala wokhazikika wokhazikika wamadzimadzi othamanga kwambiri akadutsa pamagetsi.
(3) Dongosolo lamafuta
Makamaka, mpope wamafuta a giya umapopa mafuta kuchokera ku tanki yamafuta kuti azipaka crankshaft, crosshead ndi magawo ena ozungulira.
(4) Makina opimira
Pali mitundu iwiri ya zoyezera kuthamanga: zoyezera kuthamanga wamba ndi zoyezera kuthamanga kwamagetsi. Magetsi okhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwamagetsi ndi a dongosolo la zida, zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa cholinga chodzilamulira.
(5) Valavu chitetezo
Valavu yachitetezo yotsegulira ma kasupe imayikidwa papaipi yotulutsa. Nkhaniyi idakonzedwa ndi Shanghai Zed Water Pump. Ikhoza kutsimikizira kusindikizidwa kwa mpope pazitsulo zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo idzatseguka pokhapokha pamene kupanikizika kwatha, ndipo imagwira ntchito yotetezera kupanikizika.
2. Gulu la mapampu a plunger
Mapampu a piston nthawi zambiri amagawidwa kukhala mapampu amodzi, mapampu opingasa, mapampu a axial plunger ndi mapampu a radial plunger.
(1) Pampu imodzi yokha
Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizapo gudumu la eccentric, plunger, kasupe, thupi la silinda, ndi ma valve awiri a njira imodzi. Voliyumu yotsekedwa imapangidwa pakati pa plunger ndi bore la silinda. Pamene gudumu la eccentric limazungulira kamodzi, plunger imabwerera mmwamba ndi pansi kamodzi, imasunthira pansi kuti itenge mafuta, ndikukwera mmwamba kuti ikakhetse mafuta. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amatulutsidwa pakusintha kwa pampu kumatchedwa kusamutsidwa, ndipo kusamuka kumangogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a mpope.
(2) Pampu yopingasa yopingasa
Pampu yopingasa yopingasa imayikidwa mbali ndi mbali ndi ma plunger angapo (nthawi zambiri 3 kapena 6), ndipo crankshaft imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukankhira plunger kudzera pa ndodo yolumikizira kapena shaft ya eccentric kupanga kusuntha kobwerezabwereza, kuti muzindikire kuyamwa ndi kutulutsa madzi. pampu ya hydraulic. Onse amagwiritsanso ntchito zida zogawa zamtundu wa ma valve, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi mapampu ochulukirachulukira. Mapampu a emulsion m'makina othandizira ma hydraulic mgodi nthawi zambiri amakhala opingasa plunger mapampu.
The emulsion mpope ntchito mu malasha migodi nkhope kupereka emulsion thandizo hayidiroliki. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito imadalira kuzungulira kwa crankshaft kuyendetsa pisitoni kuti ibwezerenso kuti izindikire kuyamwa kwamadzi ndi kutulutsa.
(3) Mtundu wa axial
Pampu ya axial piston ndi pampu ya pisitoni momwe mbali yobwereza ya pisitoni kapena plunger imayenderana ndi axis yapakati ya silinda. Pampu ya axial piston imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa voliyumu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kubwereza kwa plunger kufananiza ndi shaft yotumizira mu dzenje la plunger. Popeza plunger ndi bowo la plunger ndi magawo ozungulira, kukwanira bwino kwambiri kumatha kupezeka panthawi yokonza, kotero kuti mphamvu ya volumetric ndiyokwera kwambiri.
(4) Mtundu wa mbale yowongoka yolunjika
Mapampu owongolera a shaft swash plate plunger amagawidwa kukhala mtundu wamafuta opanikizika komanso mtundu wamafuta odzipangira okha. Mapampu ambiri oponderezedwa amafuta ama hydraulic pampu amagwiritsa ntchito tanki yamafuta othamanga, komanso thanki yamafuta a hydraulic yomwe imadalira kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuti ipereke mafuta. Mukayamba makina nthawi zonse, muyenera kudikirira kuti thanki yamadzimadzi ya hydraulic ifikire kuthamanga kwa mpweya musanagwiritse ntchito makinawo. Ngati makinawo ayambika pamene kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu thanki yamafuta a hydraulic sikukwanira, kumapangitsa kuti nsapato yotsetsereka mu pampu ya hydraulic ituluke, ndipo izi zipangitsa kuti mbale yobwereranso ikhale yosazolowereka komanso mbale yopondereza mu thupi la mpope.
(5) Mtundu wa radiyo
Mapampu a piston amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kugawa ma valve ndi kugawa kwa axial. Ma valve kugawa mapampu a piston ali ndi zovuta monga kulephera kwakukulu komanso kuchepa kwachangu. Pampu ya pistoni yogawa shaft yomwe idapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 1980 padziko lapansi imagonjetsa zofooka za pampu ya pistoni yogawa ma valve.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a pampu ya radial, pampu ya pistoni yokhazikika yokhala ndi kugawa kwa axial yosasunthika imalimbana ndi kukhudzidwa, moyo wautali komanso kuwongolera kwapamwamba kuposa pampu ya axial piston. Kuthamanga kosinthika kwa pampu yafupikitsa yapampu kumatheka mwa kusintha kusintha kwa stator pansi pa kusintha kwa plunger ndi malire, ndipo eccentricity pazipita ndi 5-9mm (malinga ndi kusamutsidwa), ndipo kusintha sitiroko ndi kwambiri. mwachidule. . Ndipo makina osinthika amapangidwira ntchito yothamanga kwambiri, yoyendetsedwa ndi valve yolamulira. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa pompu kumathamanga. Kapangidwe kake ka radial kumathana ndi vuto la kuvala kwa eccentric kwa nsapato zotsetsereka za pampu ya axial piston. Imawongolera kwambiri kukana kwake.
(6) Mtundu wa Hydraulic
Pampu ya hydraulic plunger imadalira kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuti ipereke mafuta ku tanki yamafuta a hydraulic. Pambuyo poyambitsa makina nthawi zonse, thanki yamafuta a hydraulic iyenera kufikira kupanikizika kwa mpweya musanagwiritse ntchito makinawo. Mapampu a plunger olunjika a axis amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wamafuta opanikizika komanso mtundu wamafuta odzipangira okha. Mapampu ambiri opatsira mafuta opangira ma hydraulic amagwiritsa ntchito tanki yamafuta yokhala ndi mphamvu ya mpweya, ndipo mapampu ena a hydraulic amakhala ndi pampu yopangira mafuta kuti azitha kulowetsa mafuta pampopi ya hydraulic. The self-priming hydraulic pump ili ndi mphamvu yodzipangira yokha ndipo safuna mphamvu yakunja kuti ipereke mafuta.
3. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito pampu ya plunger
Sitiroko yonse L ya plunger yobwerezabwereza ya pampu ya plunger imakhala yosasintha ndipo imatsimikiziridwa ndi kukweza kwa kamera. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa pa kuzungulira kwa plunger kumadalira kugunda kwa mafuta, komwe sikuyendetsedwa ndi camshaft ndipo kumasinthasintha. Nthawi yoyambira yoperekera mafuta sikusintha ndikusintha kwamafuta. Kutembenuza plunger kumatha kusintha nthawi yomaliza yoperekera mafuta, potero kusintha kuchuluka kwamafuta. Pamene mpope wa plunger ukugwira ntchito, pansi pa machitidwe a cam pa camshaft ya pampu ya jekeseni wa mafuta ndi kasupe wa plunger, plunger amakakamizika kubwezera mmwamba ndi pansi kuti amalize ntchito yopopa mafuta. Njira yopopera mafuta imatha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri otsatirawa.
(1) Njira yopangira mafuta
Pamene mbali yozungulira ya kamera imatembenuka, pansi pa mphamvu ya masika, plunger imasunthira pansi, ndipo malo omwe ali pamwamba pa plunger (otchedwa chipinda cha mafuta a pampu) amapanga vacuum. Pamene mapeto akumtunda a plunger amaika plunger pa cholowera Pambuyo potsegula bowo la mafuta, mafuta a dizilo odzaza munjira ya mafuta ya pamwamba pa pampu ya mafuta amalowa m'chipinda cha mafuta a mpope kupyolera mu dzenje la mafuta, ndipo plunger imayenda. mpaka pakati pakufa, ndipo polowera mafuta amatha.
(2) Njira yobwezera mafuta
Wopanga mafuta amatulutsa mafuta. Pamene chute yomwe ili pa plunger (mbali yoyimitsa) ilumikizana ndi bowo lobwezera mafuta pazanja, gawo la mafuta ocheperako muchipinda chamafuta opopera limalumikizana ndi dzenje lapakati ndi dzenje lozungulira la mutu wa plunger. Ndipo chute imalumikizana, kuthamanga kwamafuta kumatsika mwadzidzidzi, ndipo valavu yotulutsira mafuta imatseka mwachangu chifukwa cha mphamvu ya masika, kuyimitsa mafuta. Pambuyo pake plunger adzakweranso, ndipo gawo lokwezeka la cam litatembenuka, pansi pa kasupe, plunger adzatsikanso. Panthawiyi mkombero wotsatira umayamba.
Pampu ya plunger imayambitsidwa potengera mfundo ya plunger. Pali ma valve awiri a njira imodzi pa mpope wa plunger, ndipo mayendedwe amatsutsana. Pamene plunger imayenda mbali imodzi, pali kupanikizika koipa mu silinda. Panthawiyi, valve ya njira imodzi imatsegulidwa ndipo madzi amayamwa. Mu silinda, pamene plunger imayenda mbali ina, madzi amathiridwa ndipo valavu ina ya njira imodzi imatsegulidwa, ndipo madzi omwe amayamwa mu silinda amatulutsidwa. Kupereka mafuta mosalekeza kumapangidwa pambuyo poyenda mosalekeza munjira iyi yogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-21-2022