Ma hydraulic motors ndi ma hydraulic pumps amafanana potengera mfundo zogwirira ntchito.Madzi akalowetsedwa ku pampu ya hydraulic, shaft yake imatulutsa liwiro ndi torque, yomwe imakhala mota ya hydraulic.
1. Choyamba dziwani kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka hydraulic motor, ndiyeno muwerengere mphamvu ya volumetric ya hydraulic motor, yomwe ndi chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero cha kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake;
2. Kuthamanga kwa galimoto ya hydraulic ndi yofanana ndi chiŵerengero chapakati pa kulowetsedwa kwa chiphunzitso ndi kusuntha kwa hydraulic motor, yomwe imakhalanso yofanana ndi kulowetsedwa kwenikweni komwe kumachulukitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya volumetric ndikugawidwa ndi kusamutsidwa;
3. Kuwerengera kusiyana kwamphamvu pakati pa cholowera ndi kutulutsa kwa ma hydraulic motor, ndipo mutha kuyipeza podziwa kukakamiza kolowera ndi kutulutsa motsatana;
4. Kuwerengera torque ya theoretical ya pampu ya hydraulic, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa ma hydraulic motor ndi kusamuka;
5. Galimoto yama hydraulic ili ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina pakugwirira ntchito kwenikweni, motero makokedwe ake enieni ayenera kukhala makokedwe ongoyerekeza kuchotsera mawotchi otayika;
Magulu oyambira ndi mawonekedwe okhudzana ndi mapampu a plunger ndi ma plunger hydraulic motors
Makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito akuyenda kuthamanga kwa ma hydraulic amafuna kuti zigawo za hydraulic zikhale ndi liwiro lalikulu, kuthamanga kwambiri kogwira ntchito, kunyamula katundu wozungulira kunja, kutsika mtengo kwa moyo komanso kusinthika kwachilengedwe.
Mapangidwe a magawo osindikizira ndi zida zogawira zotulutsa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ndi mitundu ya mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma mota omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumayendedwe amakono a hydrostatic ali kwenikweni ofanana, amangosiyana pang'ono mwatsatanetsatane, koma njira zosinthira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri.
Gulu molingana ndi mulingo wapantchito
Muukadaulo wamakono wama hydraulic engineering, mapampu osiyanasiyana a plunger amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakatikati komanso kuthamanga kwambiri (pampu zowunikira komanso mapampu apakatikati, kuthamanga kwambiri kwa 20-35 MPa), kuthamanga kwambiri (mapampu olemetsa, 40-56 MPa) komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. (mapampu apadera,> 56MPa) makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chotumizira mphamvu.Mlingo wa kupsinjika kwa ntchito ndi chimodzi mwamagawo awo.
Malinga ndi ubale wapakati pakati pa plunger ndi shaft yoyendetsa pamakina osinthira, pampu ya plunger ndi mota nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: axial piston pump/motor ndi radial piston pump/motor.Mayendedwe a plunger wakale amafanana kapena amadutsana ndi olamulira a shaft yoyendetsa kuti apange ngodya yosaposa 45 °, pomwe plunger yomalizayo imayenda mozungulira kwambiri ku axis ya shaft yoyendetsa.
Mu axial plunger element, nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wa mbale ya swash ndi mtundu wa shaft wokhotakhota molingana ndi njira yosinthira yoyenda ndi mawonekedwe a makina pakati pa plunger ndi shaft yoyendetsa, koma njira zawo zogawa ndizofanana.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapampu a piston ndi osavuta, pomwe ma radial piston motors ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, amatha kugawidwanso molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita.
Gulu loyambira la mapampu amtundu wamtundu wa hydraulic ndi ma hydraulic motors a hydrostatic drives molingana ndi njira zosinthira
Mapampu a piston hydraulic amagawidwa kukhala axial piston hydraulic pumps ndi axial piston hydraulic pumps.Pampu za Axial piston hydraulic pumps zimagawidwanso kukhala mapampu a swash plate axial piston hydraulic pump (pampu zamadzimadzi) ndi mapampu a axial piston hydraulic pumps (pampu za slant axis).
Mapampu a Axial piston hydraulic amagawidwa kukhala mapampu a axial flow distribution radial piston hydraulic pumps ndi mapeto a nkhope yogawa ma radial piston hydraulic pumps.
Piston hydraulic motors amagawidwa kukhala axial piston hydraulic motors ndi radial piston hydraulic motors.Ma Axial piston hydraulic motors amagawidwa m'magalimoto a swash axial piston hydraulic motors (wash plate motors), inclined axial piston hydraulic motors (slant axis motors), ndi ma multi-action axial piston hydraulic motors.
Ma Radial piston hydraulic motors amagawidwa kukhala single-acting radial piston hydraulic motors ndi ma multi-acting radial piston hydraulic motors.
(motor wamkati)
Ntchito ya chipangizo chogawa otaya ndi kupanga plunger yamphamvu yogwira ntchito kuti igwirizane ndi njira zothamanga kwambiri komanso zochepetsera m'madera ozungulira malo ozungulira komanso nthawi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madera apamwamba ndi otsika kwambiri pa chigawocho ndi mu dera ali mu malo aliwonse kasinthasintha wa chigawocho.ndipo nthawi zonse amatsekeredwa ndi tepi yosindikiza yoyenera.
Malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito, chipangizo chogawa otaya chikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: mtundu wolumikizana ndi makina, kutsegulira kosiyana kosiyana ndi mtundu wotseka ndi kutsegulira kwa valve solenoid ndi kutseka.
Pakalipano, mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma hydraulic motors potumiza mphamvu pazida za hydrostatic drive makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana ndi makina.
Chida chogawa chamtundu wolumikizirana ndi makina chimakhala ndi valavu yozungulira, valavu ya mbale kapena valavu yolumikizira yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi tsinde lalikulu la gawolo, ndipo gawo logawa limakhala ndi gawo loyima ndi gawo losuntha.
Magawo osasunthika amaperekedwa ndi mipata yapagulu yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi madoko apamwamba komanso otsika kwambiri amafuta azinthuzo, ndipo magawo osunthika amaperekedwa ndi zenera logawira losiyana la silinda iliyonse ya plunger.
Gawo losunthika likamangika pagawo loyima ndikusuntha, mazenera a silinda iliyonse amalumikizana mosinthana ndi mipata yayikulu komanso yotsika pagawo loyima, ndipo mafuta amayambitsidwa kapena kutulutsidwa.
Kutsegulira ndi kutsekera kolowera zenera logawanitsa, malo ocheperako oyikapo komanso ntchito yokhotakhota kwambiri zonse zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kukonza chisindikizo chosinthika kapena chotanuka pakati pa gawo loyima ndi gawo losunthika.
Imasindikizidwa kwathunthu ndi filimu yamafuta ya makulidwe a micron mumpata pakati pa "magalasi ogawira" olimba, monga ndege zofananira bwino, mabwalo, masilindala kapena malo owoneka bwino, omwe ndi chisindikizo.
Choncho, pali zofunika kwambiri pa kusankha ndi kukonza zinthu wapawiri wa awiri kugawa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, gawo logawa zenera la chipangizo chogawira choyendetsa chiyeneranso kugwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi malo obwerera kumbuyo kwa makina omwe amalimbikitsa plunger kuti amalize kubwereza kubwereza ndikukhala ndi mphamvu yogawa mphamvu.
Izi ndi zofunika pazigawo za plunger zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimaphatikizapo matekinoloje okhudzana ndi kupanga.Zida zogawa zoyendera zamakina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo amakono a plunger hydraulic ndikugawa kotuluka kwapamtunda komanso kugawa kwa shaft.
Mitundu ina monga mtundu wa slide valve ndi cylinder trunnion swing mtundu sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Kugawa kwa nkhope yomaliza kumatchedwanso kugawa kwa axial.Thupi lalikulu ndi valavu yozungulira yamtundu wa mbale, yomwe imapangidwa ndi mbale yogawa yosalala kapena yozungulira yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamangiriridwa kumapeto kwa silinda yokhala ndi dzenje logawa ngati lenticular.
Awiriwo amazungulira kwambiri pa ndege perpendicular kwa tsinde pagalimoto, ndi malo achibale a notches pa mbale valavu ndi mipata pa mapeto a nkhope ya silinda amakonzedwa malinga ndi malamulo ena.
Kotero kuti plunger yamphamvu mu kuyamwa mafuta kapena mafuta kuthamanga sitiroko akhoza alternately kulankhula ndi kuyamwa ndi mafuta kumaliseche mipata pa mpope thupi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuonetsetsa kudzipatula ndi kusindikiza pakati pa kuyamwa ndi mafuta kumaliseche zipinda;
Kugawa kwa Axial flow kumatchedwanso kuti radial flow distribution.Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yofanana ndi ya chipangizo chogawa chakumapeto kwa nkhope, koma ndi mawonekedwe a valve ozungulira omwe amapangidwa ndi valavu yozungulira yozungulira ndi manja a valve, ndipo amatenga malo ozungulira ozungulira kapena ozungulira pang'ono.
Kuti atsogolere yofananira ndi kukonza mikangano padziko zakuthupi kugawa awiriawiri mbali, nthawi zina m'malo mwa liner) kapena bushing waikidwa pamwamba awiri kugawa zipangizo.
Kuthamanga kosiyana kutsegulira ndi kutseka mtundu kumatchedwanso chipangizo chogawa cha valve ya mpando.Ili ndi valavu yamtundu wa valavu yapampando polowera mafuta ndi kutuluka kwa silinda iliyonse ya plunger, kotero kuti mafuta amatha kuyenda mbali imodzi ndikulekanitsa kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi kutsika.khungu la mafuta.
Chipangizo chogawa chotulukachi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, ntchito yabwino yosindikiza, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito movutikira kwambiri.
Komabe, mfundo yosiyanitsa kuthamanga ndi kutseka kumapangitsa kuti pampu yamtunduwu isakhale ndi kusinthika kosinthira kumayendedwe agalimoto, ndipo singagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pampu yayikulu yama hydraulic mumayendedwe otsekedwa a hydrostatic drive.
Mtundu wotsegulira ndi kutseka kwa nambala yoyendetsera solenoid valve ndi chipangizo chapamwamba chogawa otaya chomwe chatuluka m'zaka zaposachedwa.Imayikanso valavu yoyimitsa polowera mafuta ndikutuluka kwa silinda iliyonse ya plunger, koma imayendetsedwa ndi maginito othamanga kwambiri omwe amayendetsedwa ndi chipangizo chamagetsi, ndipo valavu iliyonse imatha kuyenda mbali zonse ziwiri.
Mfundo yofunikira ya pampu ya plunger (motor) yokhala ndi kugawa manambala: mavavu othamanga kwambiri a solenoid 1 ndi 2 motsatana amawongolera kayendedwe ka mafuta m'chipinda chapamwamba chogwirira ntchito cha silinda ya plunger.
Vavu kapena valavu ikatsegulidwa, silinda ya plunger imalumikizidwa ndi dera lotsika kapena lothamanga kwambiri, ndipo kutsegula kwawo ndi kutseka ndi gawo lozungulira lomwe limayezedwa ndi chipangizo chowongolera manambala 9 molingana ndi lamulo losintha ndikulowetsa. (zotulutsa) shaft rotation angle sensor 8 Yoyendetsedwa mutatha kuthetsa.
Boma lomwe likuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi ndi momwe ntchito ya pampu ya hydraulic yomwe valavu imatsekedwa ndipo chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha plunger cylinder chimapereka mafuta kumalo othamanga kwambiri kudzera mu valve yotseguka.
Popeza kuti zenera lachizoloŵezi logawirako losasunthika limasinthidwa ndi valavu yothamanga kwambiri ya solenoid yomwe imatha kusintha momasuka ubale wotsegulira ndi kutseka, imatha kuwongolera nthawi yoperekera mafuta ndi njira yoyendetsera.
Sizingokhala ndi ubwino wa kusinthika kwa mtundu wamakina olumikizirana komanso kutsika kochepa kwa kusiyana kwa kutsekula ndi kutseka, komanso kumagwira ntchito yozindikira kusinthasintha kosasunthika kosasunthika posintha mosalekeza kugunda kwamphamvu kwa plunger.
Pampu ya plunger yoyendetsedwa ndi manambala ndi mota yopangidwa ndi iyo imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, omwe amawonetsa mayendedwe ofunikira azinthu zama hydraulic plunger mtsogolomo.
Zoonadi, cholinga chotengera ukadaulo wogawa mawerengedwe owongolera mawerengedwe ndikukhazikitsa ma valve apamwamba kwambiri, otsika kwambiri othamanga kwambiri komanso pulogalamu yodalirika yosinthira manambala ndi zida.
Ngakhale palibe mgwirizano wofunikira wofananira pakati pa chipangizo chogawira chogawa cha plunger hydraulic component ndi njira yoyendetsera ya plunger kwenikweni, amakhulupirira kuti kugawa kwa nkhope kumapeto kumakhala kusinthika bwino kwa zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yogwirira ntchito.Mapampu ambiri a axial piston ndi ma piston motors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito kugawa kumaso.Mapampu a pistoni a radial ndi ma motors amagwiritsa ntchito kugawa kwa shaft ndi kugawa kwa nkhope yomaliza, ndipo palinso zida zina zogwira ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimagawa shaft flow.Kuchokera pamawonekedwe apangidwe, chipangizo chogawa chapamwamba chowongolera manambala ndi choyenera kwambiri pazigawo za radial plunger.Ndemanga zina pa kufananiza kwa njira ziwiri zogawaniza nkhope yakumapeto ndi kugawa kwa axial.Kuti muwone, ma cycloidal gear hydraulic motors amatchulidwanso mmenemo.Kuchokera pazitsanzo, injini ya cycloidal gear hydraulic motor yokhala ndi mawonekedwe akumapeto imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri kuposa kugawa shaft, koma izi zimachitika chifukwa choyika yomalizayo ngati chinthu chotsika mtengo ndipo imatengera njira yomweyo mu meshing pair, kuthandizira shafting ndi zina. zigawo.Kufewetsa kapangidwe kake ndi zifukwa zina sizikutanthauza kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ntchito ya kumapeto kwa kugawa kwa nkhope ndi kugawa kwa shaft yokha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-21-2022